Media leaves no opportunity to highlight all the issues that add stars and increase these numbers of audience of their channel. They don’t bother about the fact, that description over several issues can give psychological and physical impacts on the people. Therefore, media has been urged to demonstrate responsibility while covering and highlighting sensitive issues. They need to show some kind of responsibility towards the citizens.
In this matter, a call was made on 22 April 24, 2010 for a dialogue session organized by SACH-“struggle for change “s. In the first day of the session, brief description was given that how individual get effected through the torture of media. In the 2nd session, role and responsibility of media was addressed followed by the discussion on the effective ways of applying investigative journalism and how to report facts in a way that it does not create a feeling of terror in the people.
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Monday, April 19, 2010
backbone of australia: its robust economy
Australia's economy is dominated by its services sector, yet it is the agricultural and mining sectors that account for the bulk of Australia's exports. Australia's comparative advantage in the export of primary products is a reflection of the natural wealth of the Australian continent and its small domestic market; 21 million people occupy a continent the size of the contiguous United States. The relative size of the manufacturing sector has been declining for several decades, but has now steadied at around 10% of GDP. Australia currently enjoys a record high terms-of-trade well above its long-run average, reflecting the rise in global commodity prices created by booming demand in China and the drop in prices for imports for manufactured goods, mainly from China.
Since the 1980s, Australia has undertaken significant structural reform of its economy and has transformed itself from an inward-looking, highly protected, and regulated marketplace to an open, internationally competitive, export-oriented economy. Key economic reforms included unilaterally reducing high tariffs and other protective barriers to free trade, floating the Australian dollar, deregulating the financial services sector, including liberalizing access for foreign banks, increasing flexibility in the labor market, reducing duplication and increasing efficiency between the federal and state branches of government, privatizing many government-owned monopolies, and reforming the taxation system, including introducing a broad-based Goods and Services Tax (GST) and large reductions in income tax rates.
Australia enjoys a higher standard of living than any G7 country other than the United States. Australia's economic standing in the world is a result of a commitment to best-practice macroeconomic policy settings, including the delegation of the conduct of monetary policy to the independent Reserve Bank of Australia, and a broad acceptance of prudent fiscal policy where the government aims for fiscal balance over the economic cycle. Largely due to the fall in revenue as a result of the global economic downturn, net government debt is projected to reach about A$188 billion (U.S. $150.4 billion) in four years. The previous government, drawing from budget surpluses, created the “Future Fund” to provide for future liabilities resulting from the retirement of civil servants. The The Government of Australia is predicting negative 0.5% growth in the 2009-2010 fiscal year; the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicted growth to be negative 1.4% for 2009.
Over the last year, unemployment has risen to around 5.5% from 4.2%, and the labor market participation has remained at around 65%. Both the federal and state governments have recognized the need to invest heavily in water, transport, ports, telecommunications, and education infrastructure to expand Australia's supply capacity. The largest river system in Australia, the Murray-Darling, and related coastal lakes and wetlands in South Australia are critically threatened and the government has developed a plan to improve irrigation infrastructure and efficiency and buy back unused water allocations along the river.
A second significant issue is climate change. A report commissioned by then-Prime Minister John Howard recommended a domestic carbon emissions trading scheme and that Australia take an active role in developing a future global carbon emissions trading system. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd plans to introduce a domestic carbon trading system by 2011. It aims to reduce emissions by 5% from 2000 levels by 2020; the paper includes the possibility of increasing cuts to 15% should an international commitment to cut emissions be reached.
The Australia-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) entered into force on January 1, 2005. The AUSFTA was the first FTA the United States concluded with a developed economy since the U.S.-Canada FTA in 1988. Australia also has FTAs with New Zealand-ASEAN, Singapore, Thailand, and Chile, and is pursuing other FTAs, including with China, Japan, Malaysia, and South Korea. A burgeoning trade relationship marked by ongoing, multi-billion dollar resource export contracts and rising manufactured imports has driven FTA negotiations with China.
Since the 1980s, Australia has undertaken significant structural reform of its economy and has transformed itself from an inward-looking, highly protected, and regulated marketplace to an open, internationally competitive, export-oriented economy. Key economic reforms included unilaterally reducing high tariffs and other protective barriers to free trade, floating the Australian dollar, deregulating the financial services sector, including liberalizing access for foreign banks, increasing flexibility in the labor market, reducing duplication and increasing efficiency between the federal and state branches of government, privatizing many government-owned monopolies, and reforming the taxation system, including introducing a broad-based Goods and Services Tax (GST) and large reductions in income tax rates.
Australia enjoys a higher standard of living than any G7 country other than the United States. Australia's economic standing in the world is a result of a commitment to best-practice macroeconomic policy settings, including the delegation of the conduct of monetary policy to the independent Reserve Bank of Australia, and a broad acceptance of prudent fiscal policy where the government aims for fiscal balance over the economic cycle. Largely due to the fall in revenue as a result of the global economic downturn, net government debt is projected to reach about A$188 billion (U.S. $150.4 billion) in four years. The previous government, drawing from budget surpluses, created the “Future Fund” to provide for future liabilities resulting from the retirement of civil servants. The The Government of Australia is predicting negative 0.5% growth in the 2009-2010 fiscal year; the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicted growth to be negative 1.4% for 2009.
Over the last year, unemployment has risen to around 5.5% from 4.2%, and the labor market participation has remained at around 65%. Both the federal and state governments have recognized the need to invest heavily in water, transport, ports, telecommunications, and education infrastructure to expand Australia's supply capacity. The largest river system in Australia, the Murray-Darling, and related coastal lakes and wetlands in South Australia are critically threatened and the government has developed a plan to improve irrigation infrastructure and efficiency and buy back unused water allocations along the river.
A second significant issue is climate change. A report commissioned by then-Prime Minister John Howard recommended a domestic carbon emissions trading scheme and that Australia take an active role in developing a future global carbon emissions trading system. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd plans to introduce a domestic carbon trading system by 2011. It aims to reduce emissions by 5% from 2000 levels by 2020; the paper includes the possibility of increasing cuts to 15% should an international commitment to cut emissions be reached.
The Australia-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) entered into force on January 1, 2005. The AUSFTA was the first FTA the United States concluded with a developed economy since the U.S.-Canada FTA in 1988. Australia also has FTAs with New Zealand-ASEAN, Singapore, Thailand, and Chile, and is pursuing other FTAs, including with China, Japan, Malaysia, and South Korea. A burgeoning trade relationship marked by ongoing, multi-billion dollar resource export contracts and rising manufactured imports has driven FTA negotiations with China.
Friday, April 16, 2010
marriage of a super star and female icon
It is still a mystery that from where a spark of love came, where they met and how they indulged in one an other but what so ever , Pakistani super star, Shoaib Malik and female icon Sania Mirza are together as a married couple.
six months of intimacy, developed on phone, was so strong that for one an other, sania left her fiance Sohrab Mirza and Shoaib left his 'so called wife' Ayesha Siddiqi.
This square reminds me of film , " kabhe alveda na kehna" ....what if Ayesha and Sohrab tie a nod after being dumped by the super stars? if this happens, then then one can say, that they are ardent fans of karan johar's blog buster.
six months of intimacy, developed on phone, was so strong that for one an other, sania left her fiance Sohrab Mirza and Shoaib left his 'so called wife' Ayesha Siddiqi.
This square reminds me of film , " kabhe alveda na kehna" ....what if Ayesha and Sohrab tie a nod after being dumped by the super stars? if this happens, then then one can say, that they are ardent fans of karan johar's blog buster.
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
family transition : an issue faced by many adolescents
Family transition is basically family instability. This can be due to divorce, remarriage of the same spouse with one and other or bringing a new member in the house.
It is well said that a house is made up of blocks but a home is made up of love and the major contribution of love is from the parents or the elders of the house. They are the ones who built an environment in a home whether of love, affection and bond relationships or an environment of execration.
The build environment in the house affects every member of the family. It mostly affects the youngsters of the house. The impact of family transition or severe family problems existing in homes affects the child not only the pre natively as well as post natively.
During pregnancy if a woman goes through severe problems, family instability which would naturally make her frustrated and depressed and this will give a negative impact on the child. It is research that personality as well as the health of the child affects. Because nine months till the age of five are crucial age for personality development.
A child is developed whatever he sees and perceives form the environment and especially from family.Parents are the ones who are the building blocks of children. Due to family instability and transition parents would not be able to nurture their children with proper concentration and attention. Constant fights between spouses will create a frustrated personality in a child. The personality of the child will be shattered, lack of confidence, obstinate personality and apathy towards life are common attributes are found in a child who survives in a family which is instable.
Once a personality is made a human is developed. And moreover it also affects the associated lives. Once a child personality is fostered it becomes strong and intense at the age of adolescence. Adolescence is the process and the period of growth between childhood and maturity. It is basically a teenage life when a child starts thinking like an adult but at the same time one’s mind is immature.
Some people perceive a teenager as an adult but at the same time some perceive a child. This is the time when a child start taking decisions and during this period the decisions are mostly highly shrugged. In this age, whatever the situation is most of the adolescents have their nerves chronically on a hair trigged. At the same time teen age is the most crucial and important part of one’s life. Whatever one is through out the life is mostly due to the impacts of adolescent age. In this age children need maximum support of their parents. If they don’t get support from their parents they go here and there. This is the first stage of life when a child starts taking decisions as an adult and because of this inception a child faces many problems. This is the time when a child receives hormonal changes. A turning point goes through emotional, physical and mental changes. And due to these changes a child is confuse all himself.
It is well said that a house is made up of blocks but a home is made up of love and the major contribution of love is from the parents or the elders of the house. They are the ones who built an environment in a home whether of love, affection and bond relationships or an environment of execration.
The build environment in the house affects every member of the family. It mostly affects the youngsters of the house. The impact of family transition or severe family problems existing in homes affects the child not only the pre natively as well as post natively.
During pregnancy if a woman goes through severe problems, family instability which would naturally make her frustrated and depressed and this will give a negative impact on the child. It is research that personality as well as the health of the child affects. Because nine months till the age of five are crucial age for personality development.
A child is developed whatever he sees and perceives form the environment and especially from family.Parents are the ones who are the building blocks of children. Due to family instability and transition parents would not be able to nurture their children with proper concentration and attention. Constant fights between spouses will create a frustrated personality in a child. The personality of the child will be shattered, lack of confidence, obstinate personality and apathy towards life are common attributes are found in a child who survives in a family which is instable.
Once a personality is made a human is developed. And moreover it also affects the associated lives. Once a child personality is fostered it becomes strong and intense at the age of adolescence. Adolescence is the process and the period of growth between childhood and maturity. It is basically a teenage life when a child starts thinking like an adult but at the same time one’s mind is immature.
Some people perceive a teenager as an adult but at the same time some perceive a child. This is the time when a child start taking decisions and during this period the decisions are mostly highly shrugged. In this age, whatever the situation is most of the adolescents have their nerves chronically on a hair trigged. At the same time teen age is the most crucial and important part of one’s life. Whatever one is through out the life is mostly due to the impacts of adolescent age. In this age children need maximum support of their parents. If they don’t get support from their parents they go here and there. This is the first stage of life when a child starts taking decisions as an adult and because of this inception a child faces many problems. This is the time when a child receives hormonal changes. A turning point goes through emotional, physical and mental changes. And due to these changes a child is confuse all himself.
Friday, April 9, 2010
LANGUAGE OF THOUGHT
Language of thought theories fall primarily into two views. The first view sees the language of thought as an innate language known as mentalese, which is hypothesized to operate at a level below conscious awareness while at the same time operating at a higher level than the neural events in the brain. The second view supposes that the language of thought is not innate. Rather, the language of thought is natural language. So, if a person is an English speaker, the language of thought would be English.
The language of thought hypothesis claims that when a person has a thought such as the thought `grass is green', the content of that thought is represented in that person's mind by a sentence. However, according to Jerry Fodor, this sentence is not a natural language sentence like English or Japanese. It is a sentence of an entirely different language - the innate language of thought. The name often given to this language of thought is mentalese. An important feature of mentalese is that it is not a language that we have to learn through experience -- rather, we are born with it. Furthermore, even though we are not directly aware of the language, it underlies all of our thought processes and has a similar structure to that of any of the natural languages. This is to say that mentalese, like English or French, is structured according to certain rules of syntax, which determine how sentences are to be formed in order to give them a semantic (or meaningful) content.
The language of thought hypothesis draws an analogy between thought and computation. Mentalese is equivalent to the computational language of a digital computer, while higher level cognitive functions are achieved through the construction and manipulation of mentalese sentences. Within a digital computer, input received from the outside world (from a video camera say) is converted into strings of symbols, which represents the input data. These symbols constitute the computer's internal language and carry meaning when structured in certain ways.
According to Fodor's language of thought hypothesis, the same is true of the mind. Input from the environment is converted into strings of mentalese symbols, which can then be operated upon by processes in the brain. An innate set of rules determines how sentences are to be structured, and how they are to be manipulated. So, the content of my thought `grass is green' is written in my brain as a string of mentalese symbols -- or in other words, a mentalese sentence. Furthermore, the basic symbols that make up the mentalese sentence `grass is green’ are like the words of a natural language in that their meanings remain constant. The mentalese symbol that stands for `grass' will always stand for `grass', while the mentalese symbol that stands for `green' will always stand for `green'.
The language of thought hypothesis claims that when a person has a thought such as the thought `grass is green', the content of that thought is represented in that person's mind by a sentence. However, according to Jerry Fodor, this sentence is not a natural language sentence like English or Japanese. It is a sentence of an entirely different language - the innate language of thought. The name often given to this language of thought is mentalese. An important feature of mentalese is that it is not a language that we have to learn through experience -- rather, we are born with it. Furthermore, even though we are not directly aware of the language, it underlies all of our thought processes and has a similar structure to that of any of the natural languages. This is to say that mentalese, like English or French, is structured according to certain rules of syntax, which determine how sentences are to be formed in order to give them a semantic (or meaningful) content.
The language of thought hypothesis draws an analogy between thought and computation. Mentalese is equivalent to the computational language of a digital computer, while higher level cognitive functions are achieved through the construction and manipulation of mentalese sentences. Within a digital computer, input received from the outside world (from a video camera say) is converted into strings of symbols, which represents the input data. These symbols constitute the computer's internal language and carry meaning when structured in certain ways.
According to Fodor's language of thought hypothesis, the same is true of the mind. Input from the environment is converted into strings of mentalese symbols, which can then be operated upon by processes in the brain. An innate set of rules determines how sentences are to be structured, and how they are to be manipulated. So, the content of my thought `grass is green' is written in my brain as a string of mentalese symbols -- or in other words, a mentalese sentence. Furthermore, the basic symbols that make up the mentalese sentence `grass is green’ are like the words of a natural language in that their meanings remain constant. The mentalese symbol that stands for `grass' will always stand for `grass', while the mentalese symbol that stands for `green' will always stand for `green'.
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
ZOROASTRIAN RITUALS:
Ceremonies and rituals-Kriyakam-constitute an important component of the Zoroastrian Religion,as observed by the Parsis of India.We have amongst us quite a number of religious ceremonies ordained for the good of the living as well as the dead.
Philosophy without religion becomes meaningless. Religion without rituals becomes bland. The rituals of a religion for instance; the husk of a seed, preserves its life and make it germinate. It is only when the rituals are separated from the faith and it is assumed an independent existence that they become mechanical and lifeless. Human beings have not yet reached the altitudes from where they can allot with all sorts of symbols and rituals and devotes themselves to purely abstract ideology. Rituals give a tangible shape to the nonfigurative spiritual ideals and add color and zest to life. Worship of God through images, pictures and symbols, offering oblations into specially consecrated sacrificial fires, the practice of meditation at sunrise, noon and sunset; - these were some of the rituals obligatory on almost all the Hindus during the ancient days. Even to this day, these have been kept up, though in a modified form, and with lesser intensity.
A wisely planned and solemnly conducted ritual prepares the ground, creates the atmosphere, suggests the mood and predisposes the mind so that the spiritual aspirant may easily detach himself from the world and feel the mysterious presence of the Supreme power called God.
Goodness and pureness are strongly linked in Zoroastrianism (as they are in many other religions), and pureness features prominently in Zoroastrian ritual. There is a selection of symbols through which the message of purity is communicated.
Following rituals are carried out at the birth of a person:
• Navjote ceremony
• 'Navjote' means a new initiate who offers Zoroastrian prayers
• ‘Sudreh’
• 'Kusti’
These are the rituals carried out at marriage ceremonies:
• The Curtain of Separation and Its removal.
• Marriage Knot
• Hand-fastening.
• Encircling with the Twist.
• Throwing the Rice
Death is unanticipated yet inevitable. Funeral ceremonies continue for four consecutive days. On the tenth day after death, certain prayers are recited both in the home and in the Fire Temple.
Philosophy without religion becomes meaningless. Religion without rituals becomes bland. The rituals of a religion for instance; the husk of a seed, preserves its life and make it germinate. It is only when the rituals are separated from the faith and it is assumed an independent existence that they become mechanical and lifeless. Human beings have not yet reached the altitudes from where they can allot with all sorts of symbols and rituals and devotes themselves to purely abstract ideology. Rituals give a tangible shape to the nonfigurative spiritual ideals and add color and zest to life. Worship of God through images, pictures and symbols, offering oblations into specially consecrated sacrificial fires, the practice of meditation at sunrise, noon and sunset; - these were some of the rituals obligatory on almost all the Hindus during the ancient days. Even to this day, these have been kept up, though in a modified form, and with lesser intensity.
A wisely planned and solemnly conducted ritual prepares the ground, creates the atmosphere, suggests the mood and predisposes the mind so that the spiritual aspirant may easily detach himself from the world and feel the mysterious presence of the Supreme power called God.
Goodness and pureness are strongly linked in Zoroastrianism (as they are in many other religions), and pureness features prominently in Zoroastrian ritual. There is a selection of symbols through which the message of purity is communicated.
Following rituals are carried out at the birth of a person:
• Navjote ceremony
• 'Navjote' means a new initiate who offers Zoroastrian prayers
• ‘Sudreh’
• 'Kusti’
These are the rituals carried out at marriage ceremonies:
• The Curtain of Separation and Its removal.
• Marriage Knot
• Hand-fastening.
• Encircling with the Twist.
• Throwing the Rice
Death is unanticipated yet inevitable. Funeral ceremonies continue for four consecutive days. On the tenth day after death, certain prayers are recited both in the home and in the Fire Temple.
Friday, April 2, 2010
STRATEGIES TO COPE UP WITH DISASTERS IN PAKISTAN....
Disaster management plans are the strategies that are used to cope up with different types of catastrophes. The ninth five year plan (1998 – 2003), for disaster management in Pakistan are:
1. To make best use of surface and ground water
ii. To attain reasonable and assured allotment of water
Iii. To hoard and use river water flood surpluses through storage dams
iv. To reduce the extent of soaked lands
V. To do profound water related studies
vi. To utilize flood flows including harnessing of hill torrents for augmenting water
availability for irrigation.
vii. To increase the investment rate in the supervision and controlling of flood, including
flood warning and forecasting system.
There are so many plans we have read and heard about but unfortunately all those plans worked only up to extend and the victims face similar problems every time.
1. To make best use of surface and ground water
ii. To attain reasonable and assured allotment of water
Iii. To hoard and use river water flood surpluses through storage dams
iv. To reduce the extent of soaked lands
V. To do profound water related studies
vi. To utilize flood flows including harnessing of hill torrents for augmenting water
availability for irrigation.
vii. To increase the investment rate in the supervision and controlling of flood, including
flood warning and forecasting system.
There are so many plans we have read and heard about but unfortunately all those plans worked only up to extend and the victims face similar problems every time.
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